Causes of stress and its solution

The circumstances that cause stress are called stressors. Stressors vary in severity and duration .For example the responsibility of caring for a sick parent may be an ongoing source of major stress , whereas getting stuck in a traffic jam mat cause mild short term stress .Some events such as death of a loved one are stressful for everyone .But in other situations ,individuals may respond differently to the same event. Stressors can be classified into 3 general categories: 1)catastrophic stress 2)Major life changes 3)Daily hassles In addition simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people. 1)Catastrophe: Is a sudden , often, life threatening calamity or disaster that pushes people to do outer limits of their coping capability example earthquakes ,tornadoes ,fires ,floods and hurricanes as well as wars ,torture ,automobile accidents , violent physical attacks and sexual assaults . They often continue to affect the individuals mental health long after the event has taken place. 2)Major life changes: The most stressful events for adults involve major life changes such as death of a spouse ,family member ,divorce , imprisonment ,loosing ones job and major personal disability or illness . The most stressful events for adolescents are death ,imprisonment or divorce of parents ,personal disability or illness .Getting married is a positive experience but planning the wedding ,deciding whom to invite ,and dealing with family  members may be stressful for the couples. 3)Daily hassles: Much of the stress in our lives results from having to deal with daily hassles pertaining to our jobs ,personal relationships and everyday living circumstance .Many people experience the same hassles everyday example living in a noisy neighbourhood ,commuting with heavy traffic ,disliking ones fellow workers ,worrying about money , waiting in a long line and misplacing or losing things .When taken individually , this hassles may feel like minor irritants , but cumulatively , they can cause significant stress . Studies have found that one’s exposure to daily hassles is actually more predictive of illness than is exposure to major life events . SOLUTIONS TO STRESS 1)coping with stress: Coping with stress means using thoughts and actions to deal with stressful situations and lower our stress levels. People who cope well with stress tend to believe that the can personally influence what happens to them .The usually make more positive statements about themselves ,resist frustration ,remain optimistic and persevere even under extremely adverse circumstances. People who cope poorly with stress tend to have somewhat opposite personality characteristic such as low self esteem and a pessimistic outlook on life. Coping strategies: Psychologists distinguish 2 broad types of coping strategies: a)Problem focused coping b)Emotional focused coping The goal of both strategies is to control ones stress level. In problem focused coping people try to short circuit negative emotions by taking some actions to modify ,minimize or avoid the threatening situation . In emotional focused coping people try to directly moderate or eliminate unpleasant situations. Problem focused coping is the most effective coping strategy. 2)Social support: Social support from friends ,family members and others who care for us goes a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support system provides us with emotional sustenance ,tangible resource ,aid and information when we are in need .People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network. 3)Bio feedback: Bio feedback is a technique by which people learn voluntary control of stress related physiological response such as skin temperature ,muscle tension ,blood pressure and heart rate .Normally people cannot control these responses voluntarily .Individuals learn to be sensitive to subtle changes inside their body that affect the response system being measured. 4)Relaxation: There are 2 types of relaxation A)Progressive muscular relaxation B)Relaxation We should learn to relax our body. 5)Aerobic exercise: Aerobic exercise such as running , walking ,biking and skiing can help keep stress level down because the increase the endurance of the heart and lungs ,an aerobically fit individual will have a lower heart rate at rest and lower blood pressure ,less reactivity to stressors and quicker recovery from stressors.

Landscape Rehabilitation - China Clay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Landscape Rehabilitation - China Clay - Essay Example Legal Requirements, Commitments and Funding Sources 15 3.1 Legal Requirements 15 3.2 Proposed Commitments 15 3.3 Possible Funding Sources 16 4. Environmental Rehabilitation Process and Its 17 4.1 Proposed Landscape Rehabilitation and Habitat Creation 17 4.1.1 Lay-out of Proposed Sites 24 4.2 Proposed Visitor Pathway Sites in Rehabilitated Lands 24 4.2.1 Lay-out of Proposed Visitor Pathway Sites 25 5. Adopting Conservation Strategies with Anthropogenic Benefits in Rehabilitated Sites 26 5.1 Application of Ecological Principles in Landscape Design 26 5.2 Impartation of Environmental Awareness and Appreciation to Visitors 26 5.3 Balancing Conservation Objectives with Human Use 26 6. Post Rehabilitation Phase Monitoring and Management 28 6.1 Faunal Population and Habitat 28 6.2 Flora / Vegetation Monitoring 28 7. References 29 1. Introduction and Methodology 1.1 Project Context Since the discovery of china clay deposits in Cornwall in 1746 by William Cookworthy, tons of china clay has be en extracted thereby massively growing the kaolin industry (China Clay Mining 2012). During the recent years, the use of china clay has majorly evolved from ceramics to paper, with some by-products such as paint, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, cork and agricultural products (China Clay Mining 2012). ... observed in some of the old conical tips but the new terraced tips seemed to adapt well likely because of the non-native grass seed mix that had been applied in the area (Landscape Rehabilitation 2012). The southern end of Cornwall china clay extraction area is where the Blackpool tip and pit site is located (see Figures 1,2). It is proximal to St Austell and Wheal Martyn china clay museum. This vast property is owned by Imerys, renowned as the world’s leading company in china clay extraction (Landscape Rehabilitation 2012). Figure 1. Map of Cornwall, United Kingdom (Google Earth 2012) Figure 2. City Map of St Austell and Blackpool China Clay Pit, Cornwall, UK (Cornwall Highstreet2 2012) Figure 3. Picture Map of St Austell and Blackpool China Clay Pit, Cornwall, UK (Google Earth 2012) Recently towards the end of November 2007, Imerys has stopped using the Blackpool working area and have instead affirmed its intention for Blackpool to be restored into a productive landscape like a traditional Cornish landscape. Imerys became interested in working with the local council for this land rehabilitation project, in favour of the local community and potential visitors. This decision made by Imerys posed significant benefits to the local residents especially the 200 workers who had lost their jobs when the china clay extraction operations ceased. Therefore, in response to Imerys’ interest for a land rehabilitation project in Blackpool China Clay Site, Landscape Architecture Consultancy dispatched a group of surveyors to conduct a preliminary assessment of the target area last April 2011. The objective was to provide a status report on Blackpool china clay pit to enable the completion of this proposal to do environmental rehabilitation in the study site. This report

MOD 3 CA ACC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 3 CA ACC - Essay Example The Chief Financial Officer of the company, Lester Ledger, feels that the product lacks the aesthetic appeal and suggests repackaging them in designer bottles. This will increase the variable cost per unit by $ 4.75 and the fixed production costs will increase by $ 40,000 per year. He predicts that the sales volume will increase by 32 % (264,000 units). However, the increase in sales does not outdo the increased costs and the company will incur a loss of $ 1.334 million (as shown in Appendix 2). According to the Production Manager, Buster Bumble, the reduction in the standard size of the bottle by 10 % would drop the variable costs by $ 2.65 (amounts to $ 13.35 per unit). However, due to the reduced size, the sales will drop to $ 195,500 units. Though the contribution margin is considerably increased, the company still incurs a loss of $ 549,425 (as shown in Appendix 3). The marketing manager suggests that the product requires more promotion and an increase of marketing budget by $ 527,000 will be appropriate. This, combined with a price increase by $4.90 per unit will increase the sales volume by 17 % (234,000 units). The contribution margin is considerably increased as both the sales volume and the unit prices are higher than before. The increase in the contribution margin is significantly higher than that of the fixed costs and hence results in a profit of $ 129,600 (Appendix 4). It is evident from the above analysis that the first three proposals still result in a heavy loss for The Lovely Scent Perfume Company. The proposal made by the marketing manager indicates an estimated profit of $ 129,600. Hence it is recommended that the company should increase the marketing budget (by $ 527,000) and also increase the price by $ 4.90 per