10 Tips for Getting Along With Your College Roommate

10 Tips for Getting Along With Your College Roommate You may have grown up living with lots of siblings, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. While having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these ten tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year (or even years!). 1. Be Clear About Your Expectations From the Beginning Do you know in advance that you hate it when someone hits the snooze button fifteen times every morning? That youre a neat freak? That you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up? Let your roommate know as soon as you can about your little quirks and preferences. Its not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to eliminate problems before they become problems. 2. Address Problems When They're Little Is your roommate always forgetting her stuff for the shower, and taking yours? Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them? Addressing things that bug you while theyre still little can help your roommate be aware of something she may not otherwise know. And addressing little things is much easier than addressing them after theyve become big. 3. Respect Your Roommate's Stuff This may seem simple, but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflict. Dont think hell mind if you borrow his cleats for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Dont borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first. 4. Be Mindful of Who You Bring Into Your Room- and How Often You may love having your study group into your room. But your roommate may not. Be mindful of how often you bring people over. If your roommate studies best in the quiet, and you study best in a group, can you alternate who hits the library and who gets the room? 5. Lock the Door and Windows This may seem like it has nothing to do with  roommate relationships, but how would you feel if your roommates laptop got stolen during the ten seconds it took you to run down the hall? Or vice versa? Locking your door and windows is a critical part of keeping safe on campus. 6. Be Friendly, Without Expecting to Be Best Friends Dont go into your roommate relationship thinking that you are going to be best friends for the time youre at school. It may happen, but expecting it sets both of you up for trouble. You should be friendly with your roommate but also make sure you have your own social circles. 7. Be Open to New Things Your roommate may be from someplace youve never heard of. They may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it to relates to what your roommate brings into your life. Thats why you went to college in the first place, right?! 8. Stay Open to Change You should expect to learn and grown and change during your time at school. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well. As the semester progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment 9. Address Problems When They're Big, Too You may not have been totally honest with tip #2, or you may suddenly find yourself with a roommate who goes wild after being shy and quiet the first two months. Either way, if something gets to be a big problem quickly, deal with it as soon as you can. 10. If Nothing Else, Follow the Golden Rule Treat your roommate like youd like to be treated. No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect. Dont think you and your roommate are going to be able to work it out? It can be easier than you think to address your problems and, ideally, find a solution that works for both of you.

Free sample - Poes Horror. translation missing

Poes Horror. Poe's HorrorINTRODUCTION Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) was a famous poet in America who wrote many stories and poems (Hossick 28). He was also an editor as well as a writer and he worked with several journals and publishing homes. He is most famous for his stories of mystery. It is believed that Edgar Allan made a generous contribution to the genre of scientific fiction through his stories and poems of mystery. The most outstanding stories by this poet are the black cat, the cask of Amontillado, William Wilson and the man of the crowd. These four stories are the area of interest in this paper and a comparison in the themes of the four stories will be made. DISCUSSION THE STORIES 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BLACK CAT This story is narrated by Edgar himself and he explains that the story is inspired by his childhood passion for domestic animals. The story is about him and his favorite pet, a cat named as Pluto. Pluto and Edgar were good friends until Edgar changed abruptly, became violent and a drunkard. The situation worsened and Edgar killed the cat, an act that haunted him and prompted him to look for another cat to replace Pluto with. The new black cat does not bring peace to Edgar and the story ends with Edgar killing both the black cat and his wife. The narrator takes the audience through the story with lots of symbolism and imagery. The main theme of this story is the man’s fear of the unknown such as the fear of darkness, illusion and spaces. In the story, Edgar finds his house on fire after killing Pluto, and later he sees an image of a huge cat on the wall of his house. Perverseness is also a theme in this story where the quilt feeling by Edgar causes fear in his life (Barger and Poe, 59). There is also the theme of self destruction which is shown by the way Edgar brings trouble to himself through alcoholism and his violent actions. Another theme is the theme of vengeance (Lippmann 45). The black cat haunts Elgar in order to avenge its death and in the end of the story, the cat alerts draws the attention of the police to the acts of Elgar. The most outstanding elements in this story are the elements of horror and superstition. It is superstition that makes Edgar think that he has seen a cat on the wall of his burnt house, a symbol of Pluto hanging on the noose. Another important element in the story is the cat itself, which plays the roles of an actor, symbol, and a device to develop the plot. It doubles up as both a real creature and a ghost by dying and another cat reappearing in the story. This element of doubling is used in German folklore to signify bad luck or bad omen. The name Pluto is also symbolic as according to Roman mythology, the name symbolizes death or misfortunes. The story is also ambiguous, with the question of whether the reappearance of the cat was natural or superstitious being left unanswered. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CASK OF AMONTILLADO In this story the narrator, Montressor, is not happy as the others during the annual celebration of the beginning of Lentern season. The reason why he is not happy is because of the many offenses committed against him by Furtunato. Montressor is out to revenge and he looks for an opportunity to do so. He uses a new wine by the name of Amontillado as bait to catch Furtunato and he succeeds and kills him brutally. The themes in the story are revenge, deception and pride. Montressor is out to revenge against Fortunato for the many offences he has committed, the most recent one being an insult. Deception is another theme shown by the way the way Montressor uses Amontillado to lure Fortunato to the catacombs where he kills him. Pride is evidenced by the believe Fortunato has on his ability to know whether the wine presented to him is truly Amontillado. He believed in his ability even though he was not sober and he was also unwell (Barger and Poe 88). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WILLIAM WILSON The story is narrated by a person on the verge of death, and it first builds on flash back. He is disturbed and seeks to get the reader to sympathize with him by informing the reader that his bad deeds were out of unavoidable circumstances. One theme of the story is the enemy within, which means destroying oneself or working against ones interests through alcoholism, drug abuse and others. There is an inner spirit that develops within us and cause fear of some things, depression or lack of sleep. According to Barger and Poe, the narrator is facing such a situation and in his struggle to overcome it, he fights against himself and loses (620). The other theme is the theme of terror which is shown by the way the narrator struggles to fight against an imaginary enemy. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   THE MAN OF THE CROWD This is the story of a man in the streets of London who has been suffering from an unknown illness. His sits outside and starts categorizing passers by where he notices one old man and follows him. The pursuit extends to the next day and the man is not able to understand the mission of the old man. The main theme in this story is the theme of mystery which is shown in the way the young man can not categorize the old man from the looks, as opposed to the other people in the streets. Even after following the old man for a long time, the man can not tell the motives of the old man and leaves the reader to find out for themselves (Barger and Poe 298). COMPARISON OF THE STORIES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through out the four stories, there are some themes that seem to recur, which are insanity as opposed to rationality, obsession, man and death, double identity, love or hatred, curiosity, resolve among others. About insanity and rationality, in the four stories there are people whose decisions are not driven by rationality but by an element of insanity. In the Black cat, the insanity was brought by influence from alcohol and Elgar is not in control of his decisions (Lippmann 68). Also, in the Cask of Amontillado, Fortunato is driven by drunkenness to accept the challenge to test the wine. The same case applies to the story William Wilson who is so disturbed that his decisions are not rational. In the man of the crowd, the man is driven by an unnamed sickness to sit idly in a coffee shop and categorize people. His move to follow an old man for so long is also an insane decision since he does not stand to benefit from discovering who the old man was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another common theme in the stories is obsession. The characters in the stories are obsessed with different things and this obsession is a source of misfortunes or death to the characters. In the Black cat, the narrator is obsessed with the cat, his favorite pet and alcohol while in the story of the cask of Amontillado; Fortunato is obsessed with alcohol (Lippmann 176). There is also the obsession with discovering the truth in the man of the crowd. In the story of William Wilson, the narrator is obsessed with fighting against self and wining.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the stories, double identity is used to develop the plot. In the black cat, the black cat doubles as a both a natural creature as well as a ghost by dying and reappearing. In the story of the cask of Amontillado, the wine doubles as something to cheer up Fortunato and also as something to kill him. In the story William Wilson, the narrator’s struggle against self results to both a win and a loss while in the story the man of the crowd, the young man doubles as the man we know as well as a mysterious man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the stories, Elgar has employed the use of symbolism, anaphora and first person narration in his work. In the story of the black cat, the cat is used to symbolize misfortune. In the cask of Amontillado, the name ‘Amontillado’ is also used to show bad luck. Anaphora is repeating a phrase or a word before the beginning of lines often to show emphasis and create balance. In the story of the black cat, he uses anaphora as shown in the line â€Å"...I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen†¦..†(Barger and Poe 62) and in the story of William Wilson, anaphora is shown in the line â€Å"†¦The same name! The same contour of person! The same of arrival...† (Barger and Poe 625).Irony is also used as shown in the story of the black cat. The cat which was initially a great friend to Edgar turned to be an enemy and cause of trouble to him. In the cask of Amontillado, when Montressor gives Fortunato wine, he toasts â€Å"to his long life† knowing very well that h would kill him. When they are ascending the stairs, he also tells him that his life is respected, which was not true since he was planning to kill him.  Ã‚   CONCLUSION Allan Edgar was a good writer who used various tools in his short stories to develop the story as well as to bring out the various themes. His favorite themes were mystery, obsession and revenge and these are common in most of his works (Hossick 67). He used the first person narration since it is more captivating and also convenient. His short stories are informative, thrilling as well as entertaining due to his literature skills.    WORKS CITED Barger, Andrew and Poe, Allen, E. Edgar Allen Poe Annotated and illustrated entire Stories and Poems. London: Bottletree Books LLC, 2008. Print. Hossick, Malcolm. Edgar Allen Poe. New York: Ardent Media, 2007. Print Lippmann, Babette. Edgar Allen Poe- â€Å"The Philosophy of Composition†: An Analysis of His Work. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag, 2007.Print

Revolutionary Era Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revolutionary Era Paper - Essay Example Thirteen colonies in North America joined and broke free from the British Empire, merged, then became the United States of America. They deterred the rules and regulations of Great Britain Parliament that governed them from overseas with no representation. A number of ideas sparked this revolutionary era. During this period, the idea of liberty fueled Americans into actions that sparked revolution in their country2. What the eighteenth-century politicians and other people meant by liberty was, first, a wake up call for individual human rights. This idea was so radical because even the most enlightened and revised monarchs believed customarily that it was their task to keep an eye on what people wrote or believed. Liberals of this revolutionary era protested those particular controls that enslaved their conscious. According to Americans, liberty was of overriding importance to them since they believed it would be through liberty, they would get to choose and define the outcome of thei r censorship. They demanded freedom from arbitrary laws and judges who commonly and easily obeyed rules from the government that did not carry the rule of law to the letter. Their feelings towards freedom of worship with regard to their consciences acted as a morale booster towards revolution. This eventually led to freedom of worship amongst other things. ... However, many eighteenth century men were actually individuals of some kind. They generally shared with other men the belief that it was neither practical nor desirable for women to be their equals. Therefore, they curtailed their political rights. They could not vie for office or participate in the governing of the state. Again, liberals despised the belief that everyone should be equal economically. They based this on the belief that, not everyone could succeed equally in pursuit of acquiring property during American conquest for independence. Hence, great rift in terms of wealth or material possession and income generation between the rich and the poor was highly encouraged and perfectly acceptable by liberals. British administrators taxed Virginia citizens. In 1765, after North America restored peace, the British government decided to push via parliament the Stamp Act that sought to levy taxes on a longer list of legal documents and commercial articles like pamphlets, diplomas, a nd newspapers. Effort to end taxation started as Americans claimed taxation without representation was tyranny. This idea rose questions as to who should make laws for American people. Colonial experience formed people who felt that they were separate and distinct to their very own country. The taxation controversies made these feelings separation and distinctiveness more intense thus bringing them to the fore. These extreme attempts led to expanded governor’s power. As fighting spread and the colonialists moved slowly, East Virginia inhabitants developed ideas of being independent. They inevitably opened up towards open rebellion and boldly shown urge to declare their independence. Some American icons arranged civilized and

The Prohibition of Horizontal Direct Effect of Directives Essay

The Prohibition of Horizontal Direct Effect of Directives - Essay Example In order to fully implement its policies, pieces of legislation are enacted by the European Parliament, European Commission and the Council of the European Union. On the other hand, the European Court of Justice plays an important role in the interpretation of European Union laws which consist of treaties, regulations and directives among others. Its interpretation aids the member states in the proper implementation of the European Union laws. In its case law, the European Court of Justice has introduced the principle of direct effect of European Union laws in the member states. The principle of direct effect was designed to ensure the effectiveness of the European laws, enabling the citizens to use it before their respective national courts. Correspondingly, the doctrine of direct effect have a substantial effect on the legal systems of the member states, because it paved the way for individuals to enforce rights which originates from community legislation before their national courts. And as such, the principle has become a distinctive aspect of the European Union. The landmark case of Van Gend and Loos v. ... ven though the treaty did not state that it was directly effective, it was in consonance with the nature of the treaty that the provision on the abolition of custom duties should be directly effective. Significantly, the court enumerated the guidelines for establishing direct effect to wit: The provision must be sufficiently clear and precisely stated, it must be unconditional or non-dependent and provision must confer a specific right for the citizen to base his or her claim (Van Gend and Loos v. Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration, 1963). Conformity with the aforementioned guidelines will enable European citizens to enforce their rights and to rely directly on the provisions of Community law before their national courts. Similarly, the court states that the direct effect confers the company a direct assurance of its rights under Community law before its national courts. The principle of direct effect goes after the principle of primacy of community laws developed by the Europ ean Court of Justice in the case of Costa v. ENEL. In the case of Costa v. ENEL, (1964) the court likewise pointed out in paragraph seven of the case, that a member state's obligation under the European Economic Community Treaty, in the execution, effect or adoption of any measures either by States or by Commission is legally complete and consequently producing direct effects on the relations between member states and individuals. Correspondingly, it becomes an integral part of the legal system of the member state, and as such, national courts are duty bound to protect it. The principle of direct effect, basically deals with the enforceability of European Union laws by citizens of member states. The Doctrine of Direct effect can be classified into two. The vertical direct effect and the

City Of London Investment Group PLC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

City Of London Investment Group PLC - Coursework Example The main strategies adopted by the company are natural resource strategy, EM-Closed end funds strategy developed closed and strategy, human resource strategy, and frontier market funds strategy.Natural resources strategy is an important strategy of the organization. This strategy is geared toward attaining a long term capital growth by investing in corporations that get a large proportion of the profits from exploring, producing and offering services and technologies that are related to natural resources. The process of investment is fully integrated including bottom up, top down and thematic approaches. The process that involves the allocation of assets evaluates sector –specific, political and economic factors by using several sources of information including the company’s economists. Basing on on the satellite and core approach, the selection of stock is carried out through rigorous fundamental analysis whose horizon of return time is 12 to 18 months. Thematic analys is facilitates both stock selection and asset allocation elements of the process and assists the manager to exploit the wide range of opportunities in the natural resources sector while simultaneously realizing a diverse portfolio.The Emerging market closed- End funds strategy strives to offer a long term growth of capital through active country allocation and stock selection. The company believes that the closed-end fund provides an effective modality of investing in the emerging markets.

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Natural monopoly means that one firm can provide the lowest cost compared to the other two or more firms that could not provide. Government create monopolies is to avoid firms that they want to entrance into a market. In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market. Content Page 1.0 Introduction Question 1 1.1 Answer Question 1 1.2 Monopoly and its characteristics 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers 1.4 No close substitution 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms 1.6 Monopoly Diagram 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 2.0 Introduction Question 2 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product 2.5 Free of entry and exit 2.6 Role of non-price competition 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market 2.8 Absence of transport cost 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers 2.11 Product differentiation 2.12 Easy entry and exit 2.13 Non-price competition 2.14 Selling cost 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics 2.16 Few numbers of firms 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product 2.18 Barriers to entry 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers 2.21 No close substitute 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 3.0 References 4.0 Appendices 1.0 Introduction Question 1 Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Finally, Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Answer Question 1 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. Below here we will start to discuss about the monopoly characteristics. 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly appearance or survive in the market when there is only seller of a product. Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. 1.4 No close substitute Monopoly industry would sell a goods or product which has no similar substitute. It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. 1.6 Monopoly Diagram F:Sem3Micro assignmentmonopolyprofits1.gif Above on is the diagram of monopoly and I will explain about it below here. The profit maximizing output may be sold at Price P1 above the average cost AC at output Q1. The industry is producing unusual monopoly profits display by the yellow shaded area. The area of below ATC1 that displays the total cost of producing output Qm. Total cost amounts average overall cost multiplied by the output. 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopoly in the market that is the only seller and has large number of buyers and selling the products that has no similar substitute and have a higher entrance and exit obstacle. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. 2.0 Introduction Question 2 I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? I will also discussing those of its characteristics function and effect in the market. 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics Perfect competition is referring to the market in which there are many buyers and sellers, the products are homogeneous and the sellers may readily join and leave from the market. 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers The amount of a single seller sells in a market is so tiny emulated to the integrated industry. For examples, in an agricultural industry, there are thousands of duck producers in Thailand. Each industry producers have exclusive that containing a tiny of fraction of the overall agricultural firm. Even the industry increases its production; it also does not influence much on the entire firm, so that no one industry or seller can affect the price of the product in the market. 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product The consumers do not distinguish the products of one seller to another seller. For examples, the consumers cannot distinguish the duck sold in the industry A and industry B, so the industry cannot change distinct prices for the equally product in the market. 2.5 Free of entry and exit There is no restraint on enter into a new firms to the industry or leave the firms form the industry. For example, every industry who expect to open up a boutique can manipulate the business if he/ she has the essential elements of the production as the currently industry. Even if any industry worries about deficits it can exit the firm without any rules or restraints. 2.6 Role of non-price competition Selling cost are the expenses for expend to raise the sale of a product or raise the requirement for that product. For examples, we will not see any commercial in the mass media that broadcast about duck or floras specifically without any brand. 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market Sellers and buyers also need to know the price of charged by others sellers in the market. For example, Phil has all of the information needed to grow Aloe vela. This is the similar information possessed by Becky, Dan, Alicia, and the other great number of aloe vela producers. Phil also knows that the going price of aloe vela is 50 cents. All of the aloe vela buyers know that the going price is fifty cents. 2.8 Absence of transport cost In perfect competition it is supposed that many companies task so occlude to each other that there are no any transport costs. 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics Monopolist competition is a market construction in which there are major numbers of small sellers betray distinguish products but there are occlude substitute products and it is liable join and leave from the market. Below here I would like to share about monopolist competition characteristics, and its have separate to five terms of specific. 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers In the monopolist competition market there are the major number of industries are retaining. For examples, by the shampoo firms, the prices for a 500ml shampoo scope among brands have included Sunsilk, Pantene, Loreal Professionals and other well industries. 2.11 Product differentiation Product differentiation it means the products of the firm is selling or producing that are deeply not similar. For example, if the foods are sold in open skin, then the fruits are in perfect competition market. But if the same fruits are packaged in a box and labeled as Health fruits, then this product is in monopolistic competition. 2.12 Easy entry and exit Any new industry that would join in an industry must find certain discrimination with the existing brands. For example, if Sunsilk shampoo wants to join into the shampoo firm, this industry must find certain distinct in terminology of diathesis, smell, model or labeling in order to be monopolistic competition. 2.13 Non-price competition Classes of non-price competition fulfills in monopolist competition market are included commercials, promotion, rebates, free gifts, after sales services and many others. For example, the opponent industries contend with each other through commercial by which they alter the buyers wants for their products and fascinate more buyers. 2.14 Selling cost Selling cost can be referring to expenses produce to fascinate buyers towards a special brand. For example, by these ways, the industry attempts to make a beneficial divert in requirement for the product and attempts to capture the market. 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics Oligopoly is a market construction in which there are exclusive a few industries selling either demarcated or distinguished products and it limits the entrance into the exit from the market. Oligopoly has a few of the characteristics and it will be discussed below the following. 2.16 Few numbers of firms Inside oligopoly the number of industries is small but size of the industries is large. For example, is premeditating oligopolistic if the top five industries produce half the firms overall yield. 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product A product sold below oligopoly can be probably a homogeneous or a distinct product. For example, computer or household products implements produced by one firm are similar to another firm. Same as the petroleum sold by Malaysia is unanimous to the petroleum by Middle East countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. 2.18 Barriers to entry These unusual characteristics also provide assists in distinguishing an oligopolistic market from a monopolistic market, if a new industry be able to join in a monopolistic market and decrease advantage of the large industry. For examples, as a new industry attempt the imaginary telecommunications market deliberated earlier it will have to contend against already subsisting brand names, install a creating unit without certain initial sales or revenue from the business and it will need to come over with innovative production skills to support it in the long run. 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. Monopolist is a price marker means that there is only a seller and producer and it has the own right and powerful to control over the price in the market. 2.21 No close substitute It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. For examples, Indah water it is the only seller of provided consumers or buyers for their water resources in the daily life and it is no similar substitute in the market. 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. Perfect competition and monopolist competition are distinct to each other in that they depict deeply distinct markets scripts that relate distinct in prices, standard of emulation, number of market players, and classes of products sold. The definition of monopoly is one firm in the marketplace selling a special product. An oligopoly is a small body of an industry includes the market for a unusual product. In the fact, there can be several, or especially many smaller contestants to a monopoly or an oligopoly, but monopolist or oligopoly also contains the extensive share of the market. For example, criterion oil duplicity drove new participants out of the market before its break up. 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market.

Andean/Incan People :: essays research papers

The Andean/Incan people The Andean/Incan people lived in the vast majority of the Andean Mountain ranges of Peru. They were mainly polytheistic and believed it was a series of gods who were responsible for providing the rain, maize, sun, etc. that was needed for daily survival.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viracocha was the main and greatest god. He was held solely responsible for the creation of Earth, animals and man. He made men out of stone, replicated them and destroyed them according to his whim. Viracocha was considered he divine protector of the Incan rulers or â€Å"Incani’s†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inti, the Sun god was the head of the state cult whose worship was mandatory. Every year a special festival called Inti-Raymi was held in Inti’s and the suns honor. Animal sacrifices and ritual dances marked and were often the highlight of the celebration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daily prayers were addressed to Apu Illapu, the rain giver, who was responsible for sustaining the Incans food sources. His temples were set high on a mountain so in case there was a flood, the temple would not be destroyed. A flood signified Apu Illapu’s anger and meant a pilgrimage with human sacrifice was necessary to appease him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human sacrifice was not widely practices in the Incan religion as opposed to the Aztec religion where human sacrifices were the norm. Both the Incan and the Aztec believed that human sacrifice was a necessity to appease the gods. They felt there was no greater gift than giving your life to a god. Therefore, the sacrificial person as well as the god was honored. Festivals and daily prayers were often marked with dancing, singing and special prayers to the particular god of what they desired. Both fasting and feasting marked super special festivals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Penitential rituals must be observed if a particular god is displeased. Murder as an act of war was not a punishable offense whereas murder as an act of vengeance was the gravest sin to be committed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Birth, puberty, marriage and death were all times for special rituals and sacrifices. Therefore, the Andean people’s lives mainly revolved around their religion as, without the gods, they would have nothing. The Spaniards The Spanish conquerors and missionaries arrived upon the New World around 1492 but it took a few years for them to get acclimated to the people and area before they started the conversion of the natives. The Spaniards were staunch Christians and mainly Catholics, under the rule of the Spanish Catholic monarchy.

The Mahabharata: a Brahminical Struggle for Power

The Mahabharata: A Brahminical Struggle for Power The desire for power has always been an issue throughout the ages. As foreign ideas and invaders became a threatening situation, the Brahmin caste during time of the Mahabharata responded by stressing the importance of dharma in society. The writers of the Mahabharata's twelfth book, The Book of Peace, place extra emphasis on dharma to not only maintain order within the kingdom, but also to preserve the social status of Brahmins and dissuade other castes from converting to new and foreign influences in the Mahabharata.To better understand why such an act was needed, this paper will discuss the Brahminical social status relative to other castes, the importance of dharma in society to Brahmins, the growing influence of the Buddhism in India, and lastly the presence of Jainism in society and it’s minor effect. During the period the Mahabharata was written, there was a clear defined four-tiered caste system consisting of the Sudras , Vaishyas, Kshatriya, and Brahmins. These classes were meant to maintain order by stressing that each class must to adhere to its proper dharma. The Sudras were the lowest level of the caste system.Known typically as slaves and workers, their dharma was to do be slaves or do hard labor. They held no power although they represented a large portion of society. They were owned by the Kshatriya, but they were considered â€Å"untouchable† by both Brahmins and Kshatriyas because of the impure stigma placed upon the class by the Brahmins. This idea of impurity of the Sudras pervaded even throughout the class itself, and at the pinnacle of the caste system, there were divisions within the Sudra class The Vaisyas were placed below the Kshatriya and Brahmins and â€Å"slightly above the Sudras† in the caste system.This class’s main focus was agriculture and livestock. Scholars such as Richard Fick state that, â€Å"Originally in the oldest Vedic age Vaiyas was a name o f the class of cattle-breeding and land-cultivating Aryan settlers, it later served the purpose of the theorizing Brahmins to bind together the unlimited number of social groups. † They were unable to receive education in Vedic traditions. Since they were the closest to Sudras in class, these two groups occasionally formed distinct classes referred to as â€Å"Gahapatis and Kutumbika†The Kshatriya class was known to consist of the warriors and kings of the caste system. They maintained a symbiotic relationship with the Brahmins. The Kshatriyas depended on the Brahmins to perform detailed rituals since they were the only ones who knew the knowledge to perform them. The Brahmins depended on the Kshatriyas for protection and sustenance. Although the Brahmins had the knowledge the Kshatriyas needed, this did not last. As the Kshatriyas gained access to Vedic literature, they demonstrated equal dedication to the texts as the Brahmins did .This access to Vedic literature prom pted the Kshatriyas to begin to question brahminical ways. As the Kshatryias became more educated, â€Å"kings were not happy with the parasitical life led by the brahminical class. † This questioning and dissatisfaction aided the development of new ideas and influences. The Brahmin class focused on performing rituals and the Vedic texts. They put new meaning to the saying, â€Å"knowledge is power. † Through their knowledge on how to perform complicated rituals and â€Å"special† mystical power, they were able to persuade all the other classes to give to them.Bhishma in the Mahabharata, â€Å"tells Yudhisthiria that priest of the sacrifice (rtvij), a family priest (purohita), a teacher, a disciple, relatives and kinsmen can be considered worthy of worship and honour if they are furnished with learning and virtue (Srutavrttopasamhita). † Essentially describing the Brahmins, Bhisma tells Yudhisthiria and all other classes to give to Brahmins since they ful fill the required criteria on who to give to. The Brahmins were the most organized class of the time, and this allowed them to declare their broad rule.It did not matter if the Kshatriyas had the thrown; the power over the thrown essentially made them the ruler of the land. Excess power corrupts, and the Brahmins were clearly overstepping their bounds. Kings began to see their relationship with Brahmins as parasitic rather than symbiotic. One of the most famous Kshatriya, Siddhartha Gautama, was raised with this mentality, and would use this as a base for Buddhism. However, Brahmins were still kept in high regard. In the Mahabharata, The Book of Peace is essentially a long argument in favor of Brahmins. It looked upon them as walking gods on earth who should be obeyed and honored. † Though this is the case, scholars such as V. S Sukthankar believe that â€Å"the tradition which revised and recast the epic according to the Vaishnava and brahmana need was the Brighu tradition. † One of these instances can be seen in â€Å"Top of the list of Bhargavas second only to Bhrgu himself, is Rama Jamadagnya, the militant brahmin hero responsible for the destruction of the ksatriyas, whether this story is intended to as a military or a literary victory. If Sukthankar’s theory is correct, the Brahminization of the Mahabharata exemplifies the power the Brahmins had in their era. They not only had the ability to influence public policy in the Vedic era, but also how they are portrayed in religious texts that transcend both borders and time. Braminization was not only a way to maintain power at the time, but ensure that their power be maintained for future Brahmins as well. Compared to all other classes, the brahminical class best understood the political and social needs of the time.This allowed them to gain increasing power and respect not only in their era, but future periods to come. Dharma was the way of life in the Vedic society. Adharmic acts are n ot taken lightly as seen in the Mahabharata when Yudhisthria’s chariot falls after half-lying about Asvattamma’s death. The idea of dharma can be traced back to the Vedic period when the concept of dharma was represented as the word rita . In Book 12, Bhisma defines dharma as, â€Å"it helps acquisition and preservation of wealth. The sages have declared that dharma restricts and limits all evil acts of men.All creatures prosper by the growth of dharma and deteriorate with its decay. † (12. 91, 14-15) Bhisma goes on to discuss how dharma is important in all parts of the caste or varna system. A majority of The Book of Peace is describing how a king should act, what should a kingdom provide, and how dharma needs to be followed (unless during special situations such as war), however, Bhisma spends time to educate what dharma means for those not in the position of king. Not only does Bhisma specify what type of lives Sudras, Vaishyas, Kshatriya, and Brahmins should live, but also how to live one’s life at specific ages.There are four modes of life that Bhisma reveals in The Book of Peace. The first is Brahmacharya Ashrama which instructs one to â€Å"lead a life of celibacy and obey the order of preceptor† (12. 168. 8. 10) . This time lasts from age 12 when a child goes to a preceptor and ends at the age of 25 when he returns. The next role is Grihastha Ashrama where Bhisma instructs one to â€Å"enjoy life, gratify his senses, follow all ethical sanctions enshrined in the Samayadarma and help people who were in distress† (12. 186. 11. 16) One should get married at the age of 25 and remain in this mode until 50 years old.At the age of 50, one enters Vanprastha Ashrama where he can accept the life of a hermit. At the late age of 75, one can enter Sanyasa Ashrama, where a hermit can detach himself further from the world and become an ascetic. These modes of life are directed towards the Bhramins, however, Kshatriyas can tak e on these roles, â€Å"after duly observing his caste duties, in his old age, could accept the hermit’s and ascetics mode of life† (12. 63. 16. 21) and â€Å"an aged Vaishya, after virtuously performing his duty and serving the king might adopt other modes of life with the king’s permission† (12. 3. 15) The class structures which include age are extremely structured. This is so because, â€Å"the social mechanism of dharma was a clear attempt to moderate class struggle and competition with the help of the varna system. † The caste system worked because of the wide understanding of dharma among its many followers. With the Braminzation Theory in mind, it is entirely possible that the Brahmins, through Bhisma’s voice, were the true advocates for dharmic living. The idea of dharma was to maintain the stability and the status quo of the time .The highly structured design acted as an instrument to fulfill the Brahmins desires. The importance of class structure focuses on maintaining the power of the Brahmins which is why it was alarming to witness Brahmins acting like Kshatriyas and vice versa. One of the developing influences during the Vedic period was Buddhism. Mentioned earlier, Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, was born into the Kshatriya caste. This provided him with a primary bias against them, but his reasons for going against the brahminical caste were much deeper than an underlying bias.The Buddha was disgusted by the animal sacrifices to the Gods, along with the hypocritical and lying nature of the Brahmins. He was also â€Å"critical to their advice to kings† and â€Å"opposed to the Brahmin claim over the Kshatriyas. † To gain followers, the Buddha took advantage of the ailing brahminical caste. He showed support for the sudras by â€Å"speaking against the caste and admitting the sudra castes into the snagha . † The Buddha convinced the Kshatriyas to convert by using his family roots, and stressing his supremacy thus implicitly stating that Kshatryas were supreme.After gaining the Kshatriyas on his side, the Buddha moved on to the Vaisya class lending them money at an interest, and since the Vaisya class focused on livestock, Buddha’s rejection of animal sacrifices only added more reason for the Vaisya to join his snagha. Buddhism even managed to recruit â€Å"a significant part of their elite from good Brahmin families and which scattered the countryside with shrines and monasteries. † Furthermore, Buddhism gained strong support by Asoka the Great, an Indian emperor, who converted to Buddhism. Asoka did not reject the entire brahminical tradition.He also strongly desired for his people to be dharmic. His strong adherence to dharma rivals that of the Brahmins. The danger of Buddhism was not only the converts it was amassing, but the stressing of equality across all caste and the ridding of the caste system all together. Since much of the Bra hmin’s power was a result from the strict caste system, it was in their best interest to preserve it any way they could. In response the surge of Buddhism, the Mahabharata was released to counter the threat of outside invaders and new influences.This new text served to learn from the mistakes of past mistakes of the overextended Brahmin caste. â€Å"But the text does not resemble the hymns of the Veda at all; it is a narrative text which is replete with all manner of didactic wisdom. And it is a text which has, in its intention, and in fact, moved away from the social exclusivism and esotericism of the Vedic Brahmin tradition. † The act of adaptation of the Brahminical tradition is impressive because it maintains the same concepts conveyed through the first four Vedas while presenting it in a new fashion that speaks to the audience of that era.Although a remarkable cause, Buddhism waned in India because â€Å"the Kshatriyas were afraid of Buddhism because it threatene d the very foundation of their existence as a class as oppressed people encouraged by its equality preaching were trying to rise† In response to this rising issue, the Brahmins and Kshatriyas formed a new alliance to reestablish the caste system , and as a result, Buddhism slowly faded in India. An additional threat to the Brahmins at the time was Jainism.Lead by Mahavira, a born and raised Kshatriya who renounced his caste, Jainism became an increasing threat to the Brahmins. â€Å"In this remarkable spiritual exploration of Mahavira, there was a break with traditionalism, the response and challenge to the orthodoxy of the Brahmins. † Although Jainism is not a considered a â€Å"revolt† against Brahmanism since it some of the tenets find roots in Vedic ideas , many of the ideas were alarming to the Brahmins. Mahavira did not think of the Vedas as authority and did not believe that the Brahmins â€Å"were the bearers of spiritual truth .He also viewed animal sac rifices as wrong and rejected the animal ritual sacrifices such as the Horse Sacrifice popular in Vedic Brahmanism. â€Å"There is no doubt that the emphasis on ahimsa, non-killing was a reaction against the Brahminic sacrifices which required sacrifices of live animals† Although alarming to the Brahmins, Jainism had unattractive qualities which dissuaded many from converting to the lifestyle. Since â€Å"Jainism was less of an anti-caste than anti-Brahmin movement† , those angry with the current caste system did not find much reason to convert.Kshatriyas found this new ideology unappealing because it asked them to forego their warrior and bloody lifestyle to one that had no blood or violence. Despite these unappealing qualities, Jainism still managed to amass a group a followers particularly from the Vaiysa caste which sought to increase their status and distinguish themselves from the Sudras. Although a smaller influential group, Jainism still was a threat to the Bra hmin way of life which demanded addressing. The ultimate goal of politics transcends time. In today’s society, politics emains the same – a constant battle for power. Through analyzing the Bhraminical social status relative to other castes, the importance of dharma in society, the growing influence of the Buddhism in India, and the presence of invaders during the time of the Mahabharata, it is apparent that they were on the top of the caste system and were reluctant to move from that position even when many pressures were apparent. It is quite remarkable how the Mahabharata not only serves as present day religion text, but also as a response to the growing influences of Buddhism and Jainism.It is further exemplified that dharma is used as a tool to maintain order within the kingdom and attempt to preserve the social status of the Brahmins. Although the brahminical power eventually ended, their epic passion and zeal to maintain their status is not only inspiring, but al so deserves some reorganization in the Indian Epic, the Mahabharata. Works Cited Ahir, D. C. Asoka the Great. Delhi: B. R. Pub. Corp. , 1995. 9-137. Brekke, Torkel. â€Å"Contradiction and the Merit of Giving in Indian Religions. † International Review for the History of Religions 45 (1998): 302.Chousalkar, Ashok S. â€Å"Social and Political Implications of Concept of Dharma. † Social and Political Implications of Concepts of Justice & Dharma. Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1986. 55-112. Fitzgerald, James L. â€Å"Journal of the American Academy of Religion. † The Great Epic of India as Religious Rhetoric: A Fresh Look at the â€Å"Mahabharata 51 (1983): 611-30. Fitzgerald, James L. The Mahabharata: 11. the Book of the Women, 12. the Book of Peace, Part One. Vol. 7. Chicago, Ill. ; London: University of Chicago P, 2004. 79-124. Gandhi, Raj S. The Rise of Jainism and its Adoption by the Vaishyas of India : a Case Study in Sanskritisation and Status Mobility. † Social Compass 24 (1977): 247-60. Hiltebeitel, Alf. â€Å"Empire, Invasion, and India's National Epics. † International Journal of Hindu Studies 2 (1998): 387-421. Ilaiah, Kancha. â€Å"Pre-Buddhist Society. † God as Political Philosopher: Buddha's Challenge to Brahminism. Kolkata: Mandira Sen for Samya, 2001. 27-43. Leslie, Julia. â€Å"Identifying â€Å"Valmiki in the Early Sanskrit Text. † Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki. Aldershot, Hants, Engand: Ashgate, 2003. 83.

Pink-Collar Ghetto for Women

Pink-Collar Ghetto for Women The term â€Å"pink-collar ghetto† means that many women are stuck in certain jobs, mostly low-paying jobs, and usually because of their sex. â€Å"Ghetto† is used figuratively to evoke an area where people are marginalized, often for economic and social reasons. â€Å"Pink-collar† denotes jobs historically held only by women (maid, secretary, waitress, etc.)   The Pink-Collar Ghetto   The Women’s Liberation Movement brought about many changes for the acceptance of women in the workplace throughout the 1970s. However, sociologists still observed a pink-collar workforce, and women still did not earn as much as men overall. The term pink-collar ghetto reflected this discrepancy and revealed one of the major ways women were at a disadvantage in society.   Pink-Collar vs. Blue-Collar Jobs Sociologists and feminist theorists who wrote about the pink-collar workforce observed that pink-collar jobs often required less education and paid less than white-collar office jobs, but also paid less than blue-collar jobs typically held by men. The blue-collar jobs (construction, mining, manufacturing, etc.) required less formal education than white-collar jobs, but the men who held blue-collar jobs were often unionized and tended to receive better pay than the women stuck in the pink-collar ghetto. The Feminization of Poverty The phrase was used in a 1983 work by Karin Stallard, Barbara Ehrenreich and Holly Sklar called Poverty in the American Dream: Women and Children First. The authors analyzed the feminization of poverty and the fact that the increased number of women in the workforce were largely working the same jobs as they had since the previous century.

Whats a Good SAT Score for 2018

What's a Good SAT Score for 2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Another year, another chance to take the SAT! If you're taking the SAT this year, you might be wondering: just what is a good SAT score for 2018? Is there a particular score I should be aiming for to make sure I get into the colleges I want to go to? To answer the question of what good SAT scores for 2018 are, this article looks at a few different definitions of what makes a good SAT score, and how this has changed over time. We also explain why SAT score goals should be specific to each student and give you step-by-step instructions for choosing your target SAT score. What Is a Good SAT Score for 2018 Overall? On an individual level, a good SAT score is any score that gets you into at least one of the schools you want to go to. To figure out what a good 2018 SAT score is for all students, however, we'll need to take a broader view of SAT score data. The best way to do this is to take a look at the most recent data for the average SAT score and SAT score percentiles and see how your scores and percentiles compare. As a general rule, good SAT scores are ones that place you in the top half of test-takers; the farther above average your score is, the better. Similarly, a not-so-good SAT score is one that lands you in the bottom half of test-takers (and the further below average your score is, the worse). The latest College Board data indicates that the average SAT score for graduating seniors was 1060 (533 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), 527 Math), which means that good SAT scores for 2018 are those above the average SAT score of 1060/1600. To take a closer look at the different levels of performance on the SAT, we've created a chart with SAT percentiles and scores using data from students who took the new SAT and graduated in 2017. Remember that a percentile score tells you what proportion of students performed at or below your level (e.g., a 50th percentile score means 50% of students performed as well as or worse than you). Percentile EBRW Math TOTAL 90th percentile (excellent) 670* 680* 1340* 73rd percentile (good) 600 590 1180 50th percentile (average) 530** 520** 1050** 25th percentile (poor) 460 450 910* 10th percentile (very poor) 400 390 810* Source: SAT Understanding Scores 2017 *Score is one percentile higher than percentile listed (e.g. 91st or 24th percentiles).**Score is one percentile lower than percentile listed (e.g. 49th percentile). (Note that the percentiles of the total scores aren't always equal to the percentiles of the sum of the section scores. This is most likely due to score rounding, since scores are reported in increments of 10; for instance, the real 91st percentile EBRW and Math scores might be 665 and 675 respectively, which sum up to a total 91st percentile score of 1340, but round up to 670 and 680.) One (potentially surprising) number jumps right off the top of the chart- your SAT score doesn't need to break 1500, or even 1400, to put you in the top 10% of students. As the chart above indicates, a score of 1340 is in the 91st percentile! Thus, any score at or above 1340 is extremely impressive. On the lower end, any total score between 400 and 810 (a pretty wide range) puts you in the bottom 10 percent of test takers. If you raise your score to a 910, you'll still be performing worse than 75 percent of test takers. Because of this, it's pretty safe to say that any score at or below 910 is a bad SAT score. As we said earlier in this article, comparing your performance on the SAT to all other students who took the SAT is a fairly general way to look at things. After all, the main reason you want to perform well on the SAT is not just to have bragging rights that you got a high score, but to get into college. Depending on what colleges you apply to, a 91st percentile score could be way more than you need- or it could be lower than the score of the lowest-scoring accepted student. So how do you figure out what a good SAT score is for your specific circumstances? What's a Good 2018 SAT Score for You? In the end, when it comes to figuring out what a good SAT score is, what really matters is finding the score that's good for you. This means calculating what score you'll need to have a good chance of admission to the schools you want to get into. At PrepScholar, we refer to this as your target score. What you choose as your target score should depend entirely on what schools you're applying to. For example, for a student applying to highly competitive schools like Caltech (1560 average SAT score) or Yale (1540 average SAT score), a good SAT score will be at or just below 1600. But for a student applying to schools like UC Merced, a solid target score might be something closer to 1250. Where are these specific numbers coming from? Find out in the next section that will take you through calculating your target SAT score, step by step. Choosing an SAT Score Goal for 2018 Below, we'll walk you through the three vital steps to follow to determine your score goal. You can download a PDF of a blank chart from this ebook, or create one yourself. Here's an example of what your chart might look like: School Name 25th Percentile SAT Score 75th Percentile SAT Score Step 1: Fill In Your Schools The first step is to list the schools you know you want to apply to in the far left column, like this: School Name 25th Percentile SAT Score 75th Percentile SAT Score Wellesley College Wesleyan College Ohio Wesleyan University Wells College Note: This is just an example list. We don't recommend picking schools solely based on the fact that their names sound similar. If you're not sure what schools you'll be applying to yet, you can still list the ones that have been suggested to you by guidance counselors, parents, teachers, and friends. To arrive at the most accurate target score, though, it's better to take the time to research schools and figure out which ones you're interested in, then add them to your list. Think about what schools you plan to apply to, then write the names down in your target score chart. Victor van Werkhooven/Flickr. Step 2: Find SAT Score Information for Your Schools The next step is to find out the 25th and 75th percentile out-of-1600 SAT scores for your schools. (If you want to figure out what scores you should aim for in Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing as well, go to this link to download the charts.) A quick way to do this is to look for your schools in our PrepScholar college database. Start by searching for "[School Name] prepscholar sat or "[School Name] prepscholar". You can then go to either the admissions requirements page or the SAT and GPA page- both have SAT score information. Scan the page for the school's new SAT score information; specifically, you're looking for the 25th and 75th percentile scores. This information is important because it will tell you the SAT scores of the middle 50 percent of admitted applicants for that specific school. If you can't find your school in our database, you can search each school's website for their most recent admissions information (usually in their Common Data Set or Incoming Class Profile pages). However, because no two college websites are organized the same way, this is a long and arduous task, particularly if you're looking at 10+ schools (which is why we recommend using the PrepScholar database first). You'll also need to make sure the scores on the school pages are for the new SAT and not the out-of-2400 SAT; if they are for the old SAT, you can convert them to the new SAT scale using these conversion charts. Here's our sample target score chart again, now with SAT score information filled out for each school: School Name 25th Percentile SAT Score 75th Percentile SAT Score Wellesley College 1370 1530 Wesleyan College 1340 1520 Ohio Wesleyan University 1090 1320 Wells College 1020 1240 Step 3: Calculate Your Target SAT Score Finally, it's time to calculate your target score. For your best shot at getting into your schools, you'll want this score to be the highest 75th percentile score in your chart (since that will mean you're scoring as well as or better than at least 75% of all admitted students in all the other schools as well). In our sample chart, this score is an extremely high 1530- a 99+ percentile score! If this target score is so high as to seem completely unobtainable and hopeless, you can aim for a slightly lower score. Ideally, this score will be the second-highest 75th percentile score (in our sample chart, a 1520- not much different), or in between the second-highest and highest 75th percentile scores. You can also always go with the median of the 75th percentile score column in your chart (in our sample chart, (1520+1320)/2=1420), although this may pull down your chances of getting into the schools with higher 75th percentile scores. Alternatively, you can start out by aiming for this lower score, then upping your goals once you attain it. Once you have your target total SAT score, you can also calculate your rough target section scores by dividing your total target score by two and rounding up. In our example of a 1530 target total score, this gives us target section scores of 770 for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math. (If you do want to calculate exact target scores for each section, follow the instructions in this article.) Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Are Good SAT Scores in 2018 Different From Past Years' Good SAT Scores? We've now gone through three different criteria that can be used to determine what a good SAT score is: a score higher than the average SAT score, a score higher than 90% of students' scores, or a score higher than scores of 75% of students admitted to the schools you're applying to. But you might still have the lingering question: are good SAT scores in 2018 different from what good SAT scores were in past years? The short answer to this question: no, there's not really a difference between good SAT scores in 2018 vs. good SAT scores in past years. The longer answer involves getting back down into the details of SAT score data. Because 2017 was the first year the College Board released information about performance on the new out-of-1600 SAT, any comparison of those scores with past years' SAT scores requires score conversion. In the table below, I've converted the 2017 SAT score averages to the old SAT format for ease of comparison. Average SAT Scores 2006-2017 Year Total Critical Reading Writing Math 2006 1518 503 497 518 2007 1508 501 493 514 2008 1507 500 493 514 2009 1505 499 492 514 2010 1506 500 491 515 2011 1500 497 489 514 2012 1498 496 488 514 2013 1498 496 488 514 2014 1497 497 487 513 2015 1490 495 484 511 2016 1484 494 482 508 2017* 1450* 500* 450* 500* Table data taken from College Board's Total Group Reports 2016 and 2017.*Data converted from new 1600 SAT format to old SAT format. At first glance, it might seem like there's been a slight decline in average SAT scores over the last ten years, with a huge drop this past year for Writing in particular. If you go by averages alone, then it's easy to conclude that a good SAT score is lower for 2018 than it was in the past. However, there are a couple of important factors that you need to take into account when looking at this data. Converting between the old and new SAT is tricky because of how different the tests are, and Writing scores are particularly difficult to compare between the old and new SAT because old SAT Writing scores took your essay score into account, while new SAT Writing scores don't. It's possible that the 30-point Writing score drop in 2017 because the College Board didn't get the conversion quite right when removing the essay. Furthermore, averages are just one way of tracking changing scores. Another isthe distribution of SAT scores. Let's look at how the range of scores changed from 2011- 2016. (I've left out scores on the new SAT scale for clarity's sake.) SAT Score Percentiles 2011-2016 Year # tested 90th %ile 75th %ile 50th %ile 25th %ile 10th %ile 2011 1,647,123 1930-1940 1720 1490 1280 1110 2012 1,664,479 1930-1940 1720 1490 1280 1100 2013 1,660,047 1930-1940 1720 1490 1280 1100 2014 1,672,395 1930-1940 1720 1490 1270 1090-1100 2015 1,698,521 1930-1940 1720 1480 1260 1080-1090 2016 1,637,589 1930-1940* 1710-1720* 1470-1480* 1260-1270* 1090-1100* *2016 percentiles are approximate and based on PrepScholar's calculations, as the College Board did not release percentile data that year. Number of test takers for that year is from the College Board. As with averages, some of the percentile scores (mostly the 10th-50th percentile scores) have gone down a little bit over time. Over the years, as more students took the SAT each year, fewer test takers were reaching certain scores each year, which lowered the percentile scores. The changes in percentile scores, however, are fairly slight: of the percentile scores that decreased, almost all dropped by only 10 or 20 points, which is not enough of a change to indicate a significant trend. Interestingly, some of the percentile scores didn't change at all over the same period of time. From 2011 to 2016, the 90th percentile scores remained exactly the same, and the 75th percentile score nearly so, meaning that the same percentage of test takers were scoring at or near these scores each year. The overall consistency in SAT score percentiles, coupled with the fact that students may take the SAT over multiple calendar years (e.g., fall and spring junior year) suggests that what's a good SAT score hasn't changed much in the last few years. In Conclusion: What Are Good SAT Scores for 2018? There are multiple ways to define what is a good SAT score for 2018. The broadest comparison means looking at your SAT score and comparing it to the average SAT score (1060). If you scored at or above the average SAT score, you did well; if you scored below this score, you did not. A slightly more nuanced view takes into account different score percentiles and lets you compare your score against categories like the top 10% and the bottom 10% of students (1340 and 910 total SAT scores, respectively). If your score is equal to or above 1340, then congratulations- you're part of the top 10% of students who took the SAT! If your score is at or below 910, then you're in the bottom 10% of all students who took the SAT, and will probably need some dedicated studying to bring your SAT score up to your target score. While averages and percentiles give you an objective way to compare your score to the scores of other students, however, the most helpful way to think about it is to compare your score to the scores of students admitted to colleges you want to attend. To do this, you'll need to pick a target score, and then shape your SAT studying around meeting that goal. Ultimately, a good SAT score is one that gets you into the colleges you want to go to. If you follow our guidelines for choosing a score goal and work hard to attain it, you'll guarantee yourself a strong chance of being admitted to the schools you want to get into. Hitting your target SAT score takes you one more step up the ladder to reach your college admission goals. What's Next? Figuring out your target score is just the first step of planning out your test prep schedule. To find out what other steps you need to take, follow our guide to building your very own SAT study plan. If you haven't scheduled your SAT yet, you'll want to get on that (or at least get an idea of when the test is offered this year). Use our guide to choosing an SAT test date to see what your options are. Not quite hitting your target score yet? We have two sets of strategies, tailored to students at different skill levels. If you're regularly getting a 600+ on Math and EBRW but aren't quite hitting the score you need, be sure to read our articles on how to get a perfect SAT score and perfect Math, Reading, and Writing scores. If you're aiming for a 1200 total SAT score but aren't there yet, then our articles on how to improve low Math, Reading, and Writing SAT scores will be a better fit. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Introduction about Salmonella Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Marketing services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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